1785 Law Requiring Fishways
on the Presumpscot River


See Photo of Law as Published in 1785 edition of the Falmouth Gazette.

"Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

In the Year of our Lord, 1785.

An Act for opening Sluice-ways in the mill-dam or dams which have or may be erected on Presumpscot River, in the County of Cumberland, and upon any Stream or Streams which fall into same river.

WHEREAS it appears to this Court that the people who live in the neighborhood of Presumpscot River in the County of Cumberland have heretofore, and still may, derive extensive benefits from the fishery on the said river and streams which fall into the same, unless prevented by the mill-dams which have or may be erected across the said river and streams, the increase or even continuance of which unregulated, for any considerable length of time, must inevitably destroy the annual course of the fish up said river.

Therefore be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the Authority of the same, That the Court of General Sessions of the peace for the said county of Cumberland, be, and they are hereby authorized and directed, annually to appoint a committee, consisting of three indifferent and discreet persons within the same county, whose duty it shall be to take effectual care that sufficient sluice-ways be annually opened in all mill dams erected, or that may be erected across the said River or Streams, in order that the fish may not be obstructed in their passage up the same, and that the said sluice-ways be annually kept open during the season in which Salmon, Shad, and Alewives usually pass up the said River; which committee so appointed shall be sworn to the faithful discharge of the duties assigned them by this act, before they proceed to the execution of the same duties.

And it be further Enacted by the authority foresaid, That where the owner or owners of any such mill or mills shall neglect or refuse to open or continue open any such sluice-way or ways in their mill dams respectively, in every such case the said committee, or any two of them, are hereby authorized and empowered to cause the same to be done as speedily as may be; and the owner or owners so neglecting or refusing, upon notice given to them or any of them by the said committee or any two of them for that purpose, shall forfeit and pay a sum equal to the reasonable expence of opening and continuing open any such sluice-way or ways, with the addition of fifty percent. Thereto, which forfeiture shall be recovered by the said committee by action of the case to be by them instituted and pursued to final judgment and execution in their capacity foresaid.

And it is further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, That so much of the monies recovered from time to time as will be sufficient to defray the necessary expences of opening and continuing open as aforesaid the same sluice-ways, shall by said committee be applied to the purpose, and the overplus accruing by such forfeitures, the said committee shall be accountable for to the several incorporated towns herein mentioned.

And it is further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said committee shall have such reasonable compensation made them from time to time, for their expences and services arising and performed pursuant to this act, by the several towns now incorporated or may be incorporated, in equal proportion, as do or shall stand in the last preceeding state tax-act, and which towns adjoin the same River, as the said Court may think it proper to allow; and that if any of the said incorporated towns shall neglect or refuse to pay their proportion of the sums that may be due to the said committee from time to time, for their expences and services aforesaid, in every such case, the same committee be, if they see fit, to recover by legal process the whole sum that may be due to them from any one of the said towns which shall so neglect or refuse.

And it is further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, That when there shall be more than one mill supplied with water by any one dam, erected, or that may be erected as aforesaid, in every such case the expence of opening and continuing open sluice-ways in such dam shall be borne by the owner or owners of such mills respectively, in proportion to the interest which they may respectively have therein.

And it is further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, That Enoch Freeman and Daniel Davis, Esquires, Justices of the Peace for the said county, quorum unus, be, and they are hereby authorized and empowered to appoint such committee as is herein before mentioned, who shall continue in office until the next Court of General Sessions of the peace for the same county, and during that time the said committee shall perform the duties, be vested with the powers, and entitled to the compensation herein before granted to such committees by this act.

In the House of Representatives, March 14, 1785.

This bill having had three several readings, passed to be Enacted.

Samuel A. Otis Speaker.

In Senate, March 14, 1785.

This bill having had two several readings, passed to be Enacted.

Samuel Adams, President.

Approved. Thomas Cushing.

True Copy. Attest.

John Avery, jun. Secretary.

------

Cumberland, ss. March 29th, 1785.

To Peter Noyes, Joshua Fabyan, & Edmund Phinney, Esqrs. By virtue of the within act, we the subscribers, Justices of the Peace for said county, quorum unus, do hereby appoint you to be a committee for the purposes mentioned in the above law, and to be vested with the powers, to perform the duties, and to be intitled to the compensation therein mentioned, and to continue in office until the next setting of the Court of General Sessions of the peace for the County aforesaid.

ENOCH FREEMAN,
DANIEL DAVIS.


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